内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

Which organism is the most common bacterial cause of community-acquired pneumonia?

1. ACandida albicans
2. BStreptococcus pneumoniae
3. CEscherichia coli
4. DClostridioides difficile

术后使用激励式肺量计的目的是什么？

1. A给予雾化支气管扩张剂
2. B鼓励深呼吸，预防肺不张
3. C出院前检测肺功能
4. D测量患者的血氧饱和度

What is the main role of the delay at the atrioventricular (AV) node?

1. AIt gives the ventricles time to fill before they contract
2. BIt closes the aortic valve
3. CIt speeds the impulse to the ventricles so they beat sooner
4. DIt starts each heartbeat by firing faster than the SA node

Why is active tuberculosis treated with several drugs for at least six months?

1. ABecause each drug works on a different organ only
2. BTo reduce the number of side effects compared with one drug
3. CBecause the bacteria are resistant to all drugs at first
4. DTo kill slow-growing bacteria and prevent drug resistance

哪项实验室检查用于调整普通肝素的输注？

1. AINR（国际标准化比值）
2. BaPTT（或抗 Xa 水平）
3. CD-二聚体水平
4. D血清纤维蛋白原水平

哪一组副作用是噻嗪类或吲达帕胺等类噻嗪利尿剂的典型副作用？

1. A高钾、高钠、尿酸降低和血糖降低
2. B干咳、味觉障碍和嘴唇肿胀
3. C低钾、低钠、尿酸升高和血糖升高
4. D高钠、高镁，血糖降低

A 74-year-old with atrial fibrillation, hypertension and diabetes asks why she needs an anticoagulant when she feels well. Which reply is best?

1. AHer risk of stroke is high, and an anticoagulant lowers it
2. BIt is needed only while she has palpitations
3. CThe anticoagulant will stop the irregular heartbeat for good
4. DIt is given to lower her blood pressure

一名患者的胸腔引流管被意外拔出。应立即采取什么措施？

1. A让患者用力咳嗽以扩张肺
2. B不盖住伤口，让积聚的空气排出
3. C把引流管推回胸腔并用胶带固定
4. D用无菌密闭敷料封闭伤口并呼救