内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

What does the term "dyspnoea" mean?

1. ABreathing that is deeper than normal
2. BA complete stop in breathing lasting over 10 seconds
3. CThe feeling of difficult or uncomfortable breathing
4. DA breathing rate above 20 breaths per minute at rest

What is the normal range for arterial blood pH?

1. A7.50–7.65
2. B6.80–7.00
3. C7.35–7.45
4. D7.00–7.20

疑似肺炎时，痰培养标本最好在何时采集？

1. A抗生素治疗三天后
2. B仅在一周后没有好转时
3. C在首剂抗生素之前，但不延误用药
4. D任何时候都可以，因为抗生素不影响培养

How should a patient breathe in when using a dry powder inhaler?

1. ASeveral times, breathing out into the device between breaths
2. BThrough the nose with the mouthpiece in the mouth
3. CSlowly and gently over about ten seconds
4. DQuickly and deeply, after breathing out away from the device

A patient with heart failure is comfortable at rest but becomes breathless walking across a room. Which NYHA class fits best?

1. AClass III
2. BClass IV
3. CClass I
4. DClass II

关于阿哌沙班和利伐沙班等直接口服抗凝药，下列哪项说法正确？

1. A需要像华法林一样每周检测 INR
2. B无需常规检测 INR，但剂量取决于肾功能
3. C漏服无关紧要，因为它们的作用可持续数周
4. D给予维生素 K 可逆转其作用

一名昨天开始服用 ACE 抑制剂的患者出现嘴唇和舌头肿胀以及声音嘶哑。护士首先应做什么？

1. A提前给下一剂药，这样肿胀会很快消退
2. B解释这是预期的、无害的副作用
3. C在嘴唇上敷冰，明早再评估
4. D评估气道，呼叫紧急援助，并暂停后续剂量

A nurse phones the doctor about a patient with pneumonia whose observations are worsening. Using SBAR, which statement is the clearest "recommendation"?

1. A"He is 72 and was admitted yesterday with community-acquired pneumonia."
2. B"I am calling about the patient in bed 6."
3. C"His heart rate is 124/min, his BP is 88/50 mmHg and he is confused."
4. D"I think he may have sepsis; please review him within 30 minutes."