内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

术后使用激励式肺量计的目的是什么？

1. A给予雾化支气管扩张剂
2. B出院前检测肺功能
3. C鼓励深呼吸，预防肺不张
4. D测量患者的血氧饱和度

胸腔引流水封瓶中的“波动”（潮动）是指什么？

1. A液面随呼吸上下移动
2. B患者走动时引流装置摇晃
3. C无论患者是否呼吸，都持续冒气泡
4. D血凝块沿引流管移动

为什么吸氧患者附近必须避免吸烟和明火？

1. A氧气接触温热的皮肤会爆炸
2. B氧气使材料容易着火并剧烈燃烧
3. C氧气本身受热后会变成易燃气体
4. D烟雾会堵塞吸氧管上的小孔

A patient has episodes of severe headache, sweating and palpitations with very high blood pressure. Which rare cause should be considered?

1. APhaeochromocytoma
2. BAortic stenosis
3. CAsthma
4. DStable angina

Which energy-conservation advice is most useful for a patient with severe COPD?

1. ASit down for tasks such as washing and dressing, and pace activities
2. BDo all the household tasks quickly in the morning to get them done
3. CAvoid any activity at all, staying in a chair to save their energy
4. DHold the breath while lifting heavy objects

After an acute coronary syndrome, a patient with a normal cholesterol level is prescribed a high-intensity statin. Why?

1. AStatins are given after an ACS mainly to lower the blood pressure
2. BStatins reduce further events whatever the starting cholesterol
3. CStatins work as painkillers for chest pain
4. DStatins are needed only if the cholesterol level is very high

一名心力衰竭患者三天内体重增加 2.5 kg，双肺底出现新的湿啰音，现在需要垫四个枕头睡觉。血压 138/84 mmHg，未吸氧时 SpO₂ 93%。优先处理是什么？

1. A让患者平躺以让心脏休息、降低需求
2. B鼓励多喝水以保护肾脏
3. C让患者坐起，全面评估并报告液体过多
4. D记录体重，下周末再复查

Shortly after a thoracentesis, a patient becomes breathless with sharp chest pain and reduced breath sounds on the same side. What complication is most likely?

1. APneumothorax
2. BInfection at the puncture site
3. CPulmonary embolism from the leg
4. DRe-accumulation of the effusion