内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

Which symptom should a patient taking a statin report promptly?

1. AA brief headache on the first day
2. BMild hunger before meals
3. CUnexplained muscle pain or weakness
4. DSlightly darker morning urine

Which electrolyte do ACE inhibitors commonly raise?

1. ASodium
2. BCalcium
3. CMagnesium
4. DPotassium

Which vessels carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

1. AThe coronary sinus
2. BThe venae cavae
3. CThe pulmonary veins
4. DThe pulmonary arteries

A patient is starting doxazosin, an alpha-blocker, for hypertension. Which advice is most important?

1. AAvoid all potassium-containing foods
2. BTake it with a large glass of grapefruit juice to improve absorption
3. CTake the first dose at bedtime, as dizziness and fainting can occur
4. DStop it suddenly if the heart rate rises after the first few doses

Which feature of a COPD exacerbation most suggests that antibiotics are needed?

1. AA clear runny nose
2. BA dry, tickly cough with no sputum at all for a day
3. CAn increase in purulent (green or yellow) sputum
4. DA mild sore throat that lasted for one day only

A patient with angle-closure glaucoma needs nebulised ipratropium. What precaution is sensible?

1. AGive it only with the patient lying completely flat
2. BRun it at the highest possible gas flow
3. CUse a mouthpiece or protect the eyes from the mist
4. DMix it with an eye drop before putting it in the nebuliser

A frightened young woman is breathing fast and has tingling fingers. Her blood gas shows pH 7.50 and a low PaCO₂. SpO₂ is 99% on air. What does this show?

1. AMetabolic alkalosis from vomiting
2. BMetabolic acidosis from kidney failure
3. CRespiratory alkalosis from hyperventilation
4. DRespiratory acidosis from hypoventilation

肝素输注第 6 天，患者血小板计数下降超过一半，并且一侧手臂新出现肿胀。护士应预期什么？

1. A继续使用肝素并输注血小板
2. B停用所有抗凝治疗两周
3. C改用低分子量肝素，因为它是另一种药
4. D停用所有肝素，并开始使用非肝素类抗凝药