内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

Which finding on abdominal examination suggests an abdominal aortic aneurysm?

1. AA tender lump in the right iliac fossa
2. BLoud, high-pitched bowel sounds
3. CA dull area that shifts when the patient turns
4. DA pulsating mass around the umbilicus

哪项血液检查用于监测华法林治疗？

1. A活化部分凝血活酶时间
2. B抗 Xa 水平
3. C血小板计数
4. DINR（国际标准化比值）

What does a positive tuberculin skin test or interferon-gamma release assay show?

1. AActive, infectious TB of the lungs that needs isolation now
2. BThat the patient has never met TB
3. CComplete, lifelong immunity to TB after a previous vaccine
4. DInfection with TB at some time, not necessarily active disease

When should an adult with cystic fibrosis take pancreatic enzyme capsules?

1. AOnly when they have diarrhoea
2. BWith all meals and snacks that contain fat
3. COnly at bedtime
4. DOnce a day on waking, at least an hour before any food

A patient taking simvastatin drinks a large glass of grapefruit juice every morning. Why is this a concern?

1. AIt stops the statin from being absorbed from the gut at all
2. BIt causes the cholesterol level to rise sharply
3. CIt raises statin levels and the risk of muscle damage
4. DIt turns the statin into a blood thinner

Why is a shock for cardioversion synchronised with the QRS complex?

1. ATo avoid delivering the shock during the T wave
2. BTo keep the pads from burning the skin
3. CTo make the shock less painful for the patient
4. DTo allow the use of a lower battery charge

A patient with an inferior myocardial infarction develops complete heart block with a heart rate of 38/min. What is the most likely reason?

1. AThe left anterior descending artery supplies the SA node only
2. BThe right coronary artery usually supplies the AV node
3. CInferior infarcts always destroy the bundle of His permanently
4. DHeart block is caused by the thrombolytic drug

After a faulty gas heater was found at home, a patient has headache, nausea and confusion. SpO₂ is 99% on air. What is the priority treatment?

1. AParacetamol (acetaminophen) and observation only
2. BHigh-concentration oxygen via a non-rebreather mask
3. COxygen at 1 L/min via nasal cannula
4. DReassurance, because the oxygen saturation is normal