内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

为什么吸氧患者附近必须避免吸烟和明火？

1. A氧气接触温热的皮肤会爆炸
2. B烟雾会堵塞吸氧管上的小孔
3. C氧气使材料容易着火并剧烈燃烧
4. D氧气本身受热后会变成易燃气体

How is most oxygen carried in the blood?

1. ABound to albumin and other plasma proteins
2. BCarried as bicarbonate ions in the plasma
3. CDissolved freely in the plasma water
4. DBound to haemoglobin in red blood cells

Which structure is the heart's natural pacemaker?

1. AThe Purkinje fibres
2. BThe sinoatrial (SA) node
3. CThe bundle of His
4. DThe atrioventricular (AV) node

Why are patients with mitral stenosis at high risk of atrial fibrillation?

1. AThe narrow valve presses on the sinus node and slows it down directly
2. BThe coronary arteries become blocked by the valve
3. CThe right ventricle shrinks and stops contracting properly over time
4. DThe left atrium enlarges as it pushes blood through the narrow valve

A patient with angle-closure glaucoma needs nebulised ipratropium. What precaution is sensible?

1. AGive it only with the patient lying completely flat
2. BUse a mouthpiece or protect the eyes from the mist
3. CRun it at the highest possible gas flow
4. DMix it with an eye drop before putting it in the nebuliser

Unless fluids are restricted, why are patients with pneumonia encouraged to drink plenty?

1. ATo flush the bacteria out through the urine
2. BTo prevent dehydration and keep secretions thinner
3. CTo lower the temperature by diluting the blood plasma
4. DTo make the cough completely stop

A nurse teaches a patient who has a new permanent pacemaker. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will keep my mobile phone in my shirt pocket over the device."
2. B"I will carry my pacemaker identification card with me at all times."
3. C"I will keep my follow-up appointments for device checks."
4. D"I will tell staff about the device before any MRI scan."

A 74-year-old with atrial fibrillation, hypertension and diabetes asks why she needs an anticoagulant when she feels well. Which reply is best?

1. AHer risk of stroke is high, and an anticoagulant lowers it
2. BThe anticoagulant will stop the irregular heartbeat for good
3. CIt is given to lower her blood pressure
4. DIt is needed only while she has palpitations