内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

对服用抗凝药的患者，应给予哪项建议？

1. A一出现小瘀斑就漏服一次药
2. B使用软毛牙刷，并报告异常出血
3. C任何疼痛都服用布洛芬而不是对乙酰氨基酚
4. D从现在起避免吃所有绿叶蔬菜

How should glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) sublingual tablets be stored?

1. ALoose in a pocket or a plastic pill box for easy access
2. BIn their original container, away from heat and light
3. CIn direct sunlight on the windowsill
4. DIn the fridge, mixed in one bottle with their other tablets

What does "myocardial infarction" mean?

1. ATemporary chest pain with no muscle damage
2. BDeath of heart muscle caused by a blocked blood supply
3. CInflammation of the membrane that surrounds the heart
4. DInfection of the heart valves

A patient with a regular narrow-complex tachycardia of 180/min is alert with a normal blood pressure. What is usually tried first?

1. AA large oral dose of digoxin
2. BVagal manoeuvres such as a modified Valsalva
3. CAn immediate unsynchronised shock with the defibrillator
4. DChest compressions until the rate slows

A patient uses a glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) patch for angina. Why is it usually removed for several hours each day?

1. AThe skin needs a break to absorb a larger dose
2. BA nitrate-free interval prevents tolerance
3. CIt lowers the risk of a high potassium level
4. DThe patch works only during the night

一名患者心房颤动已超过 48 小时，并已安排择期电复律。为什么事先需要抗凝？

1. A恢复窦性心律时，心房内的血栓可能脱落
2. B抗凝药可减少电击所需的电能
3. C抗凝药可减轻电击的疼痛
4. D抗凝药可使心房颤动转复为窦性心律

A nurse phones the doctor about a patient with pneumonia whose observations are worsening. Using SBAR, which statement is the clearest "recommendation"?

1. A"I am calling about the patient in bed 6."
2. B"He is 72 and was admitted yesterday with community-acquired pneumonia."
3. C"I think he may have sepsis; please review him within 30 minutes."
4. D"His heart rate is 124/min, his BP is 88/50 mmHg and he is confused."

A 28-year-old woman taking the combined pill comes in breathless and anxious. RR is 30/min, heart rate 118/min and SpO₂ 90% on air. A colleague says it is a panic attack. What should the nurse conclude?

1. AThe saturation is normal for an anxious person who is breathing fast
2. BLow oxygen saturation is not explained by anxiety; PE must be excluded
3. CShe should be sent home after a sedative
4. DBreathing into a paper bag is the best first treatment for her