内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

心肌梗死后，肌钙蛋白水平大约可以持续升高多长时间？

1. A约 6 个月
2. B仅最初 2 小时
3. C最长约 10–14 天
4. D仅到胸痛停止为止

What is the main cause of COPD in high-income countries?

1. AChildhood asthma
2. BA viral infection
3. CEating too much salt
4. DCigarette smoking

Which side effect is typical of ACE inhibitors such as ramipril or lisinopril?

1. AA persistent dry cough
2. BSwelling of both ankles
3. CA fast, irregular heart rate
4. DA productive cough with green sputum

How is the jugular venous pressure usually assessed?

1. APatient standing with the neck flexed forward
2. BPatient sitting upright with the arms raised above the head
3. CPatient lying completely flat with the head turned to the right
4. DPatient reclined at 45° with the head turned slightly to the left

A patient taking isosorbide mononitrate asks about sildenafil for erectile dysfunction. What is the main danger?

1. ASevere hypertension
2. BBleeding from the gums
3. CSevere hypotension
4. DA very high potassium level

A patient arrives with suspected cardiac chest pain. How soon should a 12-lead ECG be recorded?

1. AWithin about 10 minutes of arrival
2. BOnly after the troponin result is available
3. CThe following morning
4. DWithin 2 hours of arrival

Two days after coronary artery bypass surgery, a patient feels palpitations. The pulse is irregularly irregular at 140/min and BP is 112/70 mmHg. Which rhythm is most likely?

1. AComplete heart block
2. BAtrial fibrillation
3. CVentricular fibrillation
4. DSinus tachycardia

After a fall onto the chest, part of a patient's chest wall moves inward when they breathe in and outward when they breathe out. What does this indicate?

1. ANormal chest movement caused by pain on breathing
2. BA large pleural effusion pressing on the chest wall
3. CA single simple rib fracture with no lung injury
4. DA flail chest from ribs broken in more than one place