内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is an inherited cause of which lung disease?

1. ALung cancer
2. BEmphysema
3. CPneumothorax
4. DAsthma

What is a pneumothorax?

1. AFluid in the alveoli caused by heart failure
2. BPus collecting in the pleural space
3. CInflammation of the lung tissue caused by infection
4. DAir in the pleural space causing the lung to collapse

疑似肺炎时，痰培养标本最好在何时采集？

1. A任何时候都可以，因为抗生素不影响培养
2. B仅在一周后没有好转时
3. C在首剂抗生素之前，但不延误用药
4. D抗生素治疗三天后

A patient uses a glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) patch for angina. Why is it usually removed for several hours each day?

1. AThe skin needs a break to absorb a larger dose
2. BIt lowers the risk of a high potassium level
3. CA nitrate-free interval prevents tolerance
4. DThe patch works only during the night

A patient is starting long-term amiodarone. Which teaching and monitoring are most important?

1. AAvoid dairy products and have the INR checked once at the start
2. BProtect skin from sunlight and have thyroid, liver and lung checks
3. CEat extra salt and stop the drug as soon as the pulse is regular
4. DExpect orange urine and no need for blood tests

Why must intravenous potassium chloride never be given as a rapid push or undiluted?

1. AIt works only when given by mouth
2. BIt immediately lowers the blood glucose to dangerous levels
3. CIt turns into solid crystals inside the vein and blocks it
4. DA sudden high potassium level can cause cardiac arrest

一名 NSTEMI 后放置了冠状动脉支架的患者问为什么要服用两种抗血小板药。哪个回答最准确？

1. A阻断了两条通路，保护支架，但出血风险增加
2. B第二种药可溶解导致最初心脏病发作的血栓
3. C第二种药保护胃黏膜免受阿司匹林的伤害
4. D这两种药降低胆固醇，使新的堵塞不会形成

心肌梗死三周后，一名患者出现发热、胸膜性胸痛（前倾时减轻）和心包摩擦音。最可能的诊断是什么？

1. A心肌梗死后（Dressler）综合征
2. B另一条动脉的新发 STEMI
3. C急性主动脉夹层
4. D急性左心衰竭