内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

Which vaccine is used to protect against tuberculosis?

1. ADTaP
2. BBCG
3. CMMR
4. DHPV

Which of these is one of the reversible causes of cardiac arrest known as the "4 Hs"?

1. AHypoxia
2. BHyperventilation
3. CHypertension
4. DHyperglycaemia

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is an inherited cause of which lung disease?

1. AEmphysema
2. BLung cancer
3. CAsthma
4. DPneumothorax

What is the purpose of a mucolytic such as carbocisteine in chronic productive cough?

1. ATo widen the airways within minutes
2. BTo stop the patient coughing completely, day and night
3. CTo kill bacteria in the airways
4. DTo make sputum thinner and easier to cough up

Which ECG change is classically linked with hyperkalaemia?

1. ATall, peaked T waves
2. BDelta waves before the QRS
3. CProminent U waves
4. DA sawtooth baseline

A patient on home oxygen has dry, sore lips. Which product is safest to use?

1. AAn alcohol-based gel
2. BA water-based lubricant
3. CPetroleum jelly
4. DAn oil-based balm

A patient with pneumonia has a heart rate of 118/min, BP 86/50 mmHg, RR 28/min and a high lactate. Sepsis is recognised. Which action should not be delayed?

1. AGive oral antibiotics and reassess the next day
2. BWait for the sputum culture result before choosing an antibiotic
3. CTake blood cultures and give IV antibiotics within the first hour
4. DDelay fluids until a chest X-ray has been reported

A patient with obstructive sleep apnoea who uses CPAP at home is having surgery. Which plan is safest after the operation?

1. AGive extra opioids so the patient sleeps through the night
2. BUse their CPAP machine and monitor closely, using opioids with caution
3. CNurse the patient lying flat on their back to keep the airway open
4. DLeave the CPAP machine at home, as it is not needed while in hospital