内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

硝酸甘油（glyceryl trinitrate）最常见的副作用是什么？

1. A便秘
2. B头痛
3. C干咳
4. D踝部肿胀

Which symptom lasting more than three weeks is a classic warning sign of laryngeal cancer?

1. APersistent hoarseness of the voice
2. BOccasional hiccups
3. CItching of the eyes
4. DMild sneezing and a runny nose in the morning

深静脉血栓形成最严重的并发症是什么？

1. A浅表血栓性静脉炎
2. B静脉曲张
3. C血栓后下肢肿胀
4. D肺栓塞

A patient with a long QT interval develops a polymorphic ventricular tachycardia that twists around the baseline but still has a pulse. Which drug is used first?

1. AIntravenous adenosine
2. BOral digoxin
3. CIntravenous magnesium sulfate
4. DIntravenous potassium chloride as a bolus

COPD 的肺康复是什么？

1. A切除肺部受损最严重区域的手术
2. B每年冬天在家服用一个疗程的口服类固醇和抗生素
3. C在监督下进行的运动和教育，以减轻呼吸困难
4. D每六个月重复一次的肺功能检查

A patient choosing between a mechanical and a biological heart valve asks about the main difference. Which answer is accurate?

1. ABoth types need no medicines after surgery
2. BMechanical valves last longer but need lifelong anticoagulation
3. CBiological valves last longer but need lifelong warfarin
4. DMechanical valves wear out within one year

A ventilated patient with severe ARDS is to be turned prone. What is the main reason, and the key nursing risk?

1. AIt improves oxygenation; risks are pressure injury and tube displacement
2. BIt improves digestion and gut motility; the main risk is constipation
3. CIt treats infection; the risk is fever
4. DIt lowers the blood pressure; the main risk is rebound hypertension

A patient being treated for pulmonary TB repeatedly misses doses and stops when they feel better. Which strategy is most effective?

1. AStopping treatment, as it is clearly not working for this patient
2. BDirectly observed therapy with support for barriers to adherence
3. CSwitching to a single drug to make it easier
4. DDoubling the dose on the days the patient remembers to take it