内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

How should glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) sublingual tablets be stored?

1. ALoose in a pocket or a plastic pill box for easy access
2. BIn the fridge, mixed in one bottle with their other tablets
3. CIn their original container, away from heat and light
4. DIn direct sunlight on the windowsill

哪项症状是外周动脉疾病的典型症状？

1. A单侧小腿发热、发红、肿胀
2. B行走时小腿痉挛，休息后缓解
3. C踝部周围皮肤瘙痒并呈棕色
4. D踝部肿胀白天加重，夜间减轻

How is most oxygen carried in the blood?

1. ABound to haemoglobin in red blood cells
2. BDissolved freely in the plasma water
3. CCarried as bicarbonate ions in the plasma
4. DBound to albumin and other plasma proteins

What is the purpose of a mucolytic such as carbocisteine in chronic productive cough?

1. ATo make sputum thinner and easier to cough up
2. BTo kill bacteria in the airways
3. CTo widen the airways within minutes
4. DTo stop the patient coughing completely, day and night

A pulse oximeter on a patient's finger gives an unreliable, flickering reading. Which factor is the most likely cause?

1. ACold hands with poor peripheral circulation
2. BA regular heart rate of 75 beats per minute
3. CThe patient sitting upright in a chair
4. DThe patient having eaten recently

Before the first treatment dose of a low-molecular-weight heparin for a PE, what does the nurse need to make sure of?

1. AThe patient's blood glucose is above 10 mmol/L (180 mg/dL)
2. BA chest drain is in place
3. CThe patient has fasted for 12 hours
4. DAn accurate, recent body weight is recorded

A patient on a morphine PCA after surgery is very drowsy, with a respiratory rate of 7/min and pinpoint pupils. SpO₂ is 89%. What should the nurse do first?

1. AStop the PCA, support breathing, give oxygen and get naloxone
2. BEncourage the patient to keep pressing the PCA button for comfort
3. CLeave the patient to sleep and recheck the observations in an hour
4. DGive a sedative to keep the patient comfortable

心肌梗死三周后，一名患者出现发热、胸膜性胸痛（前倾时减轻）和心包摩擦音。最可能的诊断是什么？

1. A急性左心衰竭
2. B急性主动脉夹层
3. C心肌梗死后（Dressler）综合征
4. D另一条动脉的新发 STEMI