内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

What is the normal resting heart rate range for an adult?

1. A100–140 beats per minute
2. B60–100 beats per minute
3. C30–50 beats per minute
4. D40–60 beats per minute

Where does gas exchange between air and blood take place in the lungs?

1. AIn the trachea
2. BIn the main bronchi
3. CIn the alveoli
4. DIn the pleural space

What is the normal duration of the QRS complex on an adult ECG?

1. ABetween 0.20 and 0.40 seconds
2. BMore than 0.50 seconds
3. CExactly 1 second
4. DLess than 0.12 seconds

Why are beta-blockers often started after a myocardial infarction?

1. AThey dissolve the clot that is blocking the coronary artery
2. BThey raise the heart rate to improve blood flow to the muscle
3. CThey lower the heart's oxygen demand and reduce arrhythmias
4. DThey reduce cholesterol in the blood

Which advice is most helpful for a patient with Raynaud's phenomenon?

1. ASoak the hands in cold water to toughen the vessels
2. BKeep the whole body warm, wear gloves and stop smoking
3. CRub the fingers hard with snow during an attack
4. DTake a decongestant tablet before going outdoors

一名患者心房颤动已超过 48 小时，并已安排择期电复律。为什么事先需要抗凝？

1. A恢复窦性心律时，心房内的血栓可能脱落
2. B抗凝药可使心房颤动转复为窦性心律
3. C抗凝药可减轻电击的疼痛
4. D抗凝药可减少电击所需的电能

一名 COPD 患者将带着长期氧疗回家。哪项宣教要点对安全最重要？

1. A呼吸困难时可以把流量调到需要的最大值
2. B绝不吸烟，也不要让明火靠近氧气
3. C把备用氧气瓶存放在灶具旁边
4. D用凡士林缓解鼻腔干燥

Ten days after cardiac surgery, a patient has a fever, a red sternal wound with discharge and a clicking feeling in the chest when coughing. What should the nurse suspect?

1. APericarditis from the operation
2. BCostochondritis caused by forceful coughing
3. CNormal wound healing with some expected discharge
4. DSternal wound infection with an unstable sternum