内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

What is the MUST tool used for?

1. AMeasuring pain in confused patients
2. BScreening adults for malnutrition risk
3. CScoring the severity of a burn injury
4. DAssessing the risk of falls

谁负责获取手术的知情同意？

1. A当时有空的任何工作人员
2. B患者的近亲，或在场的最亲近的亲属
3. C实施手术的临床医生，或经过培训的受托人
4. D安排患者入院的病房文员

Why are pressure areas padded when a patient is positioned for surgery?

1. ATo make the operating table look tidy
2. BTo keep the patient from moving during the operation
3. CTo prevent pressure injury and nerve damage
4. DTo warm the patient during the procedure

Why is pethidine (meperidine) generally avoided for regular pain relief?

1. AIt can only be given by mouth
2. BA metabolite can build up and cause seizures
3. CIt always causes severe diarrhoea
4. DIt has no pain-relieving effect at all in adults

A patient on warfarin is booked for elective surgery with a high bleeding risk. What is usual practice?

1. ATake the usual dose on the morning of surgery
2. BDouble the dose for a week so the blood is ready for surgery
3. CSwap to aspirin on the morning of surgery
4. DStop it about 5 days before and check the INR

Which nerve is at risk if the arm is poorly padded at the elbow during surgery?

1. ASciatic nerve
2. BFemoral nerve
3. CFacial nerve
4. DUlnar nerve

Hours after an oesophageal dilatation, a patient has chest pain, fever and crackling swelling under the skin of the neck. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AAn allergic reaction to the sedative
2. BOesophageal perforation
3. CNormal discomfort after the procedure
4. DSimple reflux after the dilatation

A patient has sharp, tearing pain on passing stool, "like passing glass", with a streak of fresh blood. Which condition is most likely?

1. AColorectal cancer
2. BAnal fissure
3. CCrohn's disease of the ileum
4. DUpper GI bleeding