内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

What is pulmonary aspiration?

1. AA collapsed lung after a chest drain
2. BBreathing too fast after surgery
3. CInhaling stomach contents or other material into the lungs
4. DRemoving fluid from the chest with a needle through the ribs

回肠造口的排出物通常与乙状结肠造口的排出物有何不同？

1. A两者都每天排一次成形粪便
2. B回肠造口排出物成形；结肠造口排出物为液体
3. C两者都只排出气体和黏液
4. D回肠造口排出物为液体；结肠造口排出物成形

What is a Hartmann's procedure?

1. APlacing a stent in the bile duct
2. BRemoval of the gallbladder through several small abdominal incisions
3. CJoining the stomach directly to the small bowel
4. DRemoval of part of the colon with an end colostomy and rectal stump

What is anticipatory nausea in chemotherapy?

1. ANausea triggered by reminders of treatment before it is given
2. BNausea caused only by the smell of food
3. CNausea caused by low blood glucose
4. DNausea that starts about a week after each cycle and lasts for days

Which change suggests that a burn wound is becoming infected?

1. ALess exudate on each dressing change
2. BDry, healing skin with mild itching
3. CThe wound becoming pink and a little smaller at each dressing change
4. DA partial-thickness burn becoming deeper, with new discolouration

Why are many patients screened for MRSA before planned surgery?

1. ASo that surgery can be cancelled for all positive patients
2. BTo check whether the patient has had a flu vaccine
3. CSo that carriers can be decolonised to reduce infection
4. DTo decide which anaesthetic drug to use

化疗后十天，一名患者体温 37.6 °C，但感到发冷不适，脉搏 112 次/分，血压 95/60 mmHg。正确的做法是什么？

1. A按可能的中性粒细胞减少性脓毒症处理：一小时内静脉使用抗生素
2. B安慰患者，因为体温仍低于 38 °C
3. C给对乙酰氨基酚，四小时后再复测体温
4. D等中性粒细胞计数结果再决定是否治疗

急性胰腺炎最初几小时，通常推荐哪种补液策略？

1. A完全不静脉补液，只喝少量口服水
2. B无论患者反应如何，都给予非常大量
3. C以目标为导向的平衡晶体液，根据反应调整
4. D单用静脉白蛋白，不用任何晶体液