内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

Which urine output is commonly used as the minimum acceptable value for an adult after surgery?

1. AAbout 5 mL/kg per hour
2. BAbout 50 mL/kg per hour
3. CAbout 0.05 mL/kg per hour
4. DAbout 0.5 mL/kg per hour

What is the usual adult reference range for platelets?

1. AAbout 1500–4000 × 10⁹/L
2. BAbout 4–11 × 10⁹/L
3. CAbout 150–400 × 10⁹/L
4. DAbout 15–40 × 10⁹/L

什么是术后加速康复（ERAS）？

1. A帮助患者术后更快康复的护理路径
2. B经静脉给予所有药物的方法
3. C规定患者必须卧床三天
4. D完全不需要任何麻醉的手术技术

Which initial treatment is usual for symptomatic hypercalcaemia of malignancy?

1. AA high-calcium diet with extra milk
2. BOral calcium tablets and vitamin D
3. CIV fluids followed by an IV bisphosphonate
4. DFluid restriction and a thiazide diuretic

Why does a patient need lifelong vitamin B₁₂ injections after total gastrectomy?

1. AThe liver can no longer store any vitamins
2. BVitamin B₁₂ is lost in the urine after the surgery
3. CThe small bowel stops absorbing all nutrients
4. DIntrinsic factor from the stomach is no longer made

How can low-dose opioids help a patient with breathlessness from advanced cancer?

1. AThey open the airways like an inhaler
2. BThey cure the underlying lung disease
3. CThey increase the oxygen level in the blood
4. DThey reduce the feeling of breathlessness

A patient with small cell lung cancer is confused and drowsy. Sodium is 118 mmol/L and the urine is highly concentrated. Which complication is likely?

1. ADiabetes insipidus
2. BTumour lysis syndrome
3. CHypercalcaemia of malignancy
4. DSIADH

一名肺癌患者出现面部肿胀、颈静脉怒张，平卧时呼吸困难加重。可能是哪种急症？

1. A脊髓压迫
2. B恶性肿瘤相关高钙血症
3. C大面积肺栓塞
4. D上腔静脉阻塞