内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

为什么全身麻醉前要求患者禁食？

1. A减少手术中的出血
2. B使扫描时肠道更容易看清
3. C使血糖水平比平时更高
4. D降低误吸胃内容物的风险

通常用哪项检查来寻找并治疗上消化道出血的来源？

1. A上消化道内镜检查
2. B腹部平片
3. C钡餐吞咽检查
4. D肠道结肠镜检查

使用成人“九分法”，一条完整的手臂占体表面积的百分之多少？

1. A1%
2. B9%
3. C18%
4. D36%

为什么教患者咳嗽时用枕头支托腹部伤口？

1. A它取代了规律镇痛的需要
2. B它使咳嗽变弱，从而不使伤口受到风险
3. C它可减轻疼痛和牵拉，使患者能有效咳嗽
4. D它加速皮肤边缘的愈合

Which technique is correct when giving a prefilled low molecular weight heparin injection?

1. AExpel the air bubble first and inject into the deltoid muscle
2. BLeave the air bubble in and inject into a skin fold
3. CRub the site firmly afterwards to help absorption
4. DInject into a vein in the back of the hand

Which description fits a category (stage) 4 pressure ulcer?

1. AA shallow wound into the dermis only
2. BFull-thickness loss with exposed bone, tendon or muscle
3. CIntact skin with redness that does not blanch
4. DA blister filled with clear fluid over the heel or sacrum

After two days of large volumes of IV 5% glucose, a postoperative patient becomes confused with a headache. Sodium is 124 mmol/L. What is the likely cause?

1. AHyponatraemia from hypotonic fluids
2. BNormal confusion after any anaesthetic
3. CHypernatraemia from too much salt
4. DHypoglycaemia from the glucose

重症急性胰腺炎第 2 天，一名患者呼吸困难，SpO₂ 88%，胸部 X 线显示双肺浸润影。最可能的并发症是什么？

1. A异物误吸
2. B急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）
3. C急性重度哮喘发作
4. D自发性张力性气胸