内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

What is a common reason for giving a premedication before surgery?

1. ATo make the patient hungry after surgery
2. BTo treat the surgical wound in advance
3. CTo replace the general anaesthetic
4. DTo reduce anxiety

Where should a diathermy return electrode (plate) be placed?

1. AOn skin covered with spirit-based prep that is still wet
2. BOn clean, dry skin over a well-perfused muscle
3. COver a bony area such as the hip bone
4. DOver a metal joint replacement

为什么中性粒细胞减少的患者要避免直肠测温和使用栓剂？

1. A可能损伤黏膜，使细菌进入血液
2. B它们总是给出偏低的体温读数
3. C它们使患者的白细胞计数进一步下降
4. D它们干扰化疗药物的吸收

哪种电解质异常可促成术后肠梗阻？

1. A低钾血症
2. B高钠血症
3. C高磷血症
4. D高钾血症

Which statement about pain relief in acute pancreatitis is correct?

1. APain relief should be withheld until the diagnosis is certain
2. BOpioids must never be used in pancreatitis
3. COnly paracetamol may be given
4. DOpioids can be used, and good analgesia is a priority

Which nursing care helps a new skin graft take?

1. AEncouraging the patient to exercise the area straight away
2. BMassaging the graft firmly several times a day
3. CKeeping the area still and avoiding shearing forces
4. DRemoving the dressing every hour to look at it

A nurse teaches a patient after a colonoscopy with polyp removal. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"Severe abdominal pain is normal for a week afterwards."
2. B"I should report a fever or a swollen, painful abdomen."
3. C"I'll report heavy bleeding from my bottom."
4. D"Some wind and bloating today is expected."

A patient on warfarin has a major upper GI bleed with an INR of 5. Which treatment should the nurse anticipate to reverse the warfarin?

1. AProthrombin complex concentrate with IV vitamin K
2. BOral aspirin to balance the clotting system quickly
3. CProtamine sulfate on its own
4. DMore warfarin to stabilise the INR