内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

What is a Hartmann's procedure?

1. APlacing a stent in the bile duct
2. BRemoval of part of the colon with an end colostomy and rectal stump
3. CRemoval of the gallbladder through several small abdominal incisions
4. DJoining the stomach directly to the small bowel

Which signs suggest peritonitis?

1. AA soft abdomen with no pain on pressing
2. BA small, painless lump near the umbilicus
3. CLoud bowel sounds with a hungry feeling
4. DGuarding, rebound tenderness and a rigid abdomen

What is a volvulus?

1. AA twist of a loop of bowel around itself
2. BAn infection of the appendix
3. CA tear in the lining of the anus
4. DA pouch in the wall of the colon that fills with stool

哪项陈述最能描述阿片类药物耐受？

1. A患者强迫性地渴望更多药物
2. B患者对该药物产生了过敏
3. C该药不再引起任何便秘
4. D随时间推移需要更高剂量才能获得相同效果

哪种敷料通常适用于需要湿润的干燥、有腐肉的伤口？

1. A泡沫
2. B水凝胶
3. C藻酸盐
4. D干纱布

Which practice is correct when giving parenteral nutrition through a central line?

1. ALet the bag hang at room temperature for several days
2. BGive other IV drugs through the same lumen to save time
3. CUse a dedicated lumen and strict aseptic technique
4. DDisconnect and reconnect the line without cleaning the hub

An older patient on regular opioids has small amounts of liquid stool leaking all day, but has not had a formed bowel movement for 6 days. What is the most likely cause?

1. AFaecal impaction with overflow
2. BNormal stool pattern on opioids
3. CAcute infective gastroenteritis
4. DA flare of ulcerative colitis

Four patients are on a gastroenterology ward. Which should the nurse see first?

1. AA patient with cirrhosis who is newly confused and drowsy
2. BA patient with stable ulcerative colitis asking about diet
3. CA patient with an ileostomy waiting to change the pouch
4. DA patient with GORD who wants an antacid