内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

Why is adrenaline sometimes added to a local anaesthetic?

1. AIt makes the patient fall asleep more quickly
2. BIt turns the local anaesthetic into a general anaesthetic
3. CIt narrows vessels, so the block lasts longer and bleeding is less
4. DIt stops the local anaesthetic causing any allergy

哪两个原因导致大多数急性胰腺炎病例？

1. A高纤维和脱水
2. B病毒性感冒和压力
3. C胆结石和酒精
4. D吸烟和肥胖

哪两个因素是消化性溃疡最常见的病因？

1. AHelicobacter pylori 感染和 NSAID
2. B吸烟和喝太多浓咖啡
3. C喝牛奶和吃柑橘类水果
4. D辛辣食物和长期心理或工作压力

Why is a gastrostomy tube with an internal bumper usually advanced and rotated regularly once the tract has healed?

1. ATo stop the inner bumper becoming buried in the stomach wall
2. BTo make the tube longer as the patient grows or gains weight
3. CTo remove any feed left in the stomach
4. DTo check that the patient is still hungry

Why might a patient's platelet count be monitored while they receive heparin?

1. ATo check whether the heparin is causing anaemia
2. BTo detect heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
3. CTo see whether the patient has an infection
4. DTo measure the heparin dose in the blood exactly

哪些体征提示严重急性胰腺炎伴组织内出血？

1. A脐周或腰部瘀斑
2. B嘴唇、舌头和面部肿胀
3. C指甲发黄
4. D手掌和足底的紫色皮疹

Using the adult rule of nines, what is the total burn area of the whole right arm plus the whole front of the trunk (both with partial-thickness burns)?

1. A18%
2. B36%
3. C27%
4. D45%

While a central line is disconnected, a patient suddenly becomes breathless with chest pain and hypotension. Air embolism is suspected. What should the nurse do first?

1. AClamp the line, lie the patient left side down, head low; give oxygen
2. BSit the patient fully upright and flush the line
3. CRemove the central line straight away and leave the site open to the air
4. DGive the patient a drink and observe for an hour