内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

下列哪项是肝硬化最常见的病因之一？

1. A富含水果和纤维的饮食
2. B缺铁性贫血
3. C长期大量饮酒
4. D一次食物中毒

Which signs suggest peritonitis?

1. AGuarding, rebound tenderness and a rigid abdomen
2. BA soft abdomen with no pain on pressing
3. CA small, painless lump near the umbilicus
4. DLoud bowel sounds with a hungry feeling

What is cancer cachexia?

1. AA fever that occurs after every chemotherapy cycle and lasts several days
2. BSevere loss of weight and muscle that diet alone does not reverse
3. CA skin rash from radiotherapy
4. DWeight gain caused by steroid treatment

Why are many patients screened for MRSA before planned surgery?

1. ATo check whether the patient has had a flu vaccine
2. BSo that carriers can be decolonised to reduce infection
3. CTo decide which anaesthetic drug to use
4. DSo that surgery can be cancelled for all positive patients

手术后哪个时期最可能发生伤口裂开？

1. A术后约 5–10 天
2. B术后一年以上
3. C最初一小时内
4. D仅在手术过程中

Which measure helps reduce the risk of delirium in an older surgical patient?

1. AMaking sure they have their glasses and hearing aids
2. BMoving them to a new bed space each night to reduce boredom
3. CKeeping the room dark during the day
4. DGiving a sleeping tablet every night

一名已知有食管静脉曲张的患者呕出大量鲜血。内镜检查前，护士应预期哪些治疗？

1. A在复苏期间使用奥曲肽或特利加压素，并加用静脉抗生素
2. B在任何药物治疗前紧急做钡餐吞咽检查
3. C口服 NSAID 止痛和高蛋白饮食
4. D快速输注生理盐水至高血压

一名肠梗阻患者出现持续剧烈疼痛（不再是绞痛）、发热、心率 120 次/分，以及腹部强直、压痛。这提示什么？

1. A正常进展，只需规律的简单镇痛
2. B梗阻正在缓解，肠道开始蠕动
3. C绞窄或穿孔，需要紧急外科评估
4. D便秘，应使用刺激性泻药治疗