内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

哪项建议有助于化疗引起口腔黏膜炎的患者？

1. A用软毛牙刷轻柔护理，并用生理盐水漱口
2. B每天多次使用含酒精的漱口水消毒
3. C吃热的辛辣食物以刺激唾液分泌
4. D在疼痛缓解前停止所有口腔护理

What is referred pain?

1. APain felt at a site away from the organ causing it
2. BPain that is passed on from one doctor to another
3. CPain that a patient makes up
4. DPain that only lasts for a few seconds

What is the MUST tool used for?

1. AMeasuring pain in confused patients
2. BAssessing the risk of falls
3. CScoring the severity of a burn injury
4. DScreening adults for malnutrition risk

How should a patient with facial burns usually be positioned?

1. ALying flat with the head lower than the feet
2. BWith the head of the bed raised to reduce swelling
3. CLying face down on the pillow to protect the airway
4. DIn any position that keeps the face covered

Which treatment often relieves pain from a bone metastasis?

1. AA diet low in calcium and vitamin D
2. BPalliative radiotherapy to the area
3. CIron supplements by mouth for several months
4. DComplete bed rest for a month

Which monitoring is especially important for a patient receiving parenteral nutrition?

1. APupil size and limb strength
2. BBowel sounds and stool colour only
3. CBlood glucose and signs of line infection
4. DPeak flow and visual acuity

外科病房有四位患者。护士应首先评估哪位患者？

1. A肠道手术后四小时：脉搏 118 次/分，血压 90/55 mmHg
2. B稳定的回肠造口：请求帮助更换造口袋
3. C术后第 3 天：因便秘要求使用泻药
4. D中性粒细胞减少：一小时前体温正常，感觉良好

一名患者回肠造口周围的皮肤发红、糜烂、渗液，造口袋经常渗漏。最可能的原因是什么？

1. A正常反应，无需改变护理
2. B造口缺血，需要紧急手术
3. C排出物接触皮肤，常因底盘不合适
4. D对粪便本身过敏，需要使用类固醇