内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

Which factor most increases the risk of Clostridioides difficile infection?

1. ARegular exercise
2. BDrinking bottled water
3. CRecent antibiotic treatment
4. DA diet high in fibre

At which stage of the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist does the team confirm the patient, site and procedure just before the skin incision?

1. ASign In
2. BSign Out
3. CHandover
4. DTime Out

What is a spinal anaesthetic?

1. ALocal anaesthetic injected into the CSF in the lower back
2. BLocal anaesthetic cream rubbed on the skin
3. CA general anaesthetic gas breathed through a mask
4. DA sedative tablet taken the night before

Which monitoring is especially important for a patient receiving parenteral nutrition?

1. ABlood glucose and signs of line infection
2. BBowel sounds and stool colour only
3. CPeak flow and visual acuity
4. DPupil size and limb strength

During the first infusion of a monoclonal antibody such as rituximab, which problem is most important to watch for?

1. AAn infusion reaction, such as fever, rigors or breathlessness
2. BSudden hair loss during the infusion
3. CSevere constipation within the first hour of starting the infusion
4. DA rise in platelet count above normal

小肠梗阻和大肠梗阻的主要临床区别是什么？

1. A小肠：呕吐早，腹胀较轻；大肠：呕吐晚，腹胀明显
2. B没有临床区别；只有 CT 扫描才能区分
3. C小肠：完全不呕吐；大肠：早期大量呕吐，无腹胀
4. D小肠：仅有明显腹胀；大肠：无疼痛、无呕吐，也完全没有腹胀

A patient with haematemesis becomes drowsy and starts to vomit blood again. What is the immediate priority?

1. AGive a large glass of iced water to slow the bleeding
2. BComplete the admission paperwork and medication history
3. CTurn the patient onto their side to protect the airway
4. DSend a stool sample for faecal occult blood testing

腹部手术后使用硬膜外镇痛的患者血压 82/48 mmHg，脉搏 70 次/分，双足温暖。已排除出血。最可能的原因是什么？

1. A硬膜外引起的交感神经阻滞
2. B失血引起的低血容量性休克
3. C对局部麻醉药的过敏反应
4. D术后心源性休克