内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

In many adult guidelines, how long before an elective anaesthetic can clear fluids usually be drunk?

1. AUp to 2 hours before
2. BUp to 10 minutes before
3. CUp to 24 hours before
4. DUp to 12 hours before

Which adverse effects are linked with NSAIDs such as ibuprofen?

1. AHair loss and low white cell count
2. BConstipation and pinpoint pupils
3. CWeight gain and high potassium only
4. DStomach bleeding and kidney injury

Where are venous leg ulcers usually found?

1. AOn the front of the thigh
2. BOn the sole of the foot under the heel
3. COn the tips of the toes and between the toes
4. DAround the inner ankle, in the gaiter area

A nasogastric feeding tube appears blocked. What is usually the first step?

1. ACut the end of the tube to release the blockage inside it
2. BFlush gently with warm water in a 50 mL enteral syringe
3. CUse a small 5 mL syringe with firm pressure
4. DPush the guidewire back in to clear it

关于多模式镇痛，下列哪项说法正确？

1. A任何时候都只应给一种镇痛药
2. B它是仅用于长期慢性疼痛的方法
3. C联合使用不同作用机制的药物以减少阿片类药物的需求
4. D联合使用多种阿片类药物以增强整体效果

Which instruction is important during bowel preparation for colonoscopy?

1. AAvoid all fluids for 24 hours before the test
2. BTake the preparation only if the bowels have not opened
3. CEat a high-fibre meal the evening before the test
4. DDrink plenty of clear fluids while taking the preparation

A nurse teaches a patient with GORD. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I'll keep a diary of foods that trigger my symptoms."
2. B"Peppermint tea after dinner will settle my reflux."
3. C"I'll try to lose some weight over the next months."
4. D"I'll stop smoking because it makes reflux worse."

一名患有慢性肾脏病的 74 岁患者术后剧烈疼痛。哪个阿片类药物问题最重要？

1. A吗啡是肾衰竭时最安全的阿片类药物，因此可以随意增加剂量
2. B吗啡的代谢产物会蓄积，因此可能需要较低剂量或换用其他阿片类药物
3. C无论疼痛如何，老年人绝不能使用阿片类药物
4. D肾功能对阿片类药物的处理没有影响