内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

What is dyspepsia?

1. ADifficulty swallowing solid food and tablets
2. BPain in the rectum on opening the bowels
3. CVomiting of blood after a large meal
4. DUpper abdominal discomfort, often called indigestion

为什么全身麻醉前要求患者禁食？

1. A使扫描时肠道更容易看清
2. B减少手术中的出血
3. C使血糖水平比平时更高
4. D降低误吸胃内容物的风险

Which statement describes moderate ("conscious") sedation?

1. AThe patient cannot be roused by any stimulus, even a painful one
2. BThe patient needs a ventilator to breathe
3. CThe patient is drowsy but responds to voice or light touch
4. DThe patient is fully alert and anxious

Why are antimotility drugs such as loperamide avoided in C. difficile infection?

1. AThey cause serious liver failure in most patients who take them
2. BThey kill the normal bowel bacteria
3. CThey make the stool sample test positive falsely
4. DThey may keep toxin in the bowel and risk toxic megacolon

For which stoma can colostomy irrigation be considered?

1. AAn ileal conduit draining urine
2. BAn established descending or sigmoid colostomy
3. CA new ileostomy in the first week
4. DAny stoma that has liquid or very loose output

Which advice helps a patient with haemorrhoids?

1. AEat less fibre so that stools are smaller
2. BTake a codeine-based painkiller every day
3. CEat more fibre, drink enough fluid and avoid straining
4. DSit on the toilet for long periods to empty fully

Hours after an oesophageal dilatation, a patient has chest pain, fever and crackling swelling under the skin of the neck. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AAn allergic reaction to the sedative
2. BNormal discomfort after the procedure
3. COesophageal perforation
4. DSimple reflux after the dilatation

After two days of large volumes of IV 5% glucose, a postoperative patient becomes confused with a headache. Sodium is 124 mmol/L. What is the likely cause?

1. AHypoglycaemia from the glucose
2. BHypernatraemia from too much salt
3. CHyponatraemia from hypotonic fluids
4. DNormal confusion after any anaesthetic