内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

How does the pain of acute appendicitis typically progress?

1. AIt starts in the right shoulder, then moves to the chest
2. BIt starts around the umbilicus, then moves to the right lower abdomen
3. CIt starts in the left lower abdomen, then spreads to the back
4. DIt stays in the upper abdomen and eases after meals

What is abdominal paracentesis?

1. ADraining fluid from the abdominal cavity with a needle or drain
2. BRemoval of the gallbladder through several small abdominal incisions
3. CA camera test of the lining of the large bowel
4. DInjection of dye into a vein in the arm

What is portal hypertension?

1. AHigh pressure inside the skull
2. BRaised pressure in the portal venous system to the liver
3. CHigh blood pressure in the arteries of the arms and legs
4. DRaised pressure in the lungs from heart failure

Why are accurate fluid balance charts kept after major surgery?

1. ATo decide which meal the patient will have next
2. BTo detect dehydration, fluid overload or kidney problems early
3. CTo check how far the patient has walked and how often they get out of bed
4. DTo record when visitors come and go

小肠梗阻和大肠梗阻的主要临床区别是什么？

1. A小肠：完全不呕吐；大肠：早期大量呕吐，无腹胀
2. B没有临床区别；只有 CT 扫描才能区分
3. C小肠：仅有明显腹胀；大肠：无疼痛、无呕吐，也完全没有腹胀
4. D小肠：呕吐早，腹胀较轻；大肠：呕吐晚，腹胀明显

对于小面积或散在的烧伤，哪个区域可用来快速估算 1% 的体表面积？

1. A患者的手和前臂
2. B患者自己的手掌（含手指）
3. C检查者的手掌（含手指）
4. D患者的拇指指甲

A category (stage) 4 pressure ulcer is now healing and shallower. How should it be documented according to standard guidance?

1. AAs a fully healed ulcer that can be removed from the record
2. BAs a category 1 pressure ulcer now
3. CAs a healing category 4 pressure ulcer
4. DAs a category 2 pressure ulcer now

A nurse teaches a patient with chronic pancreatitis. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I'll take my enzyme capsules at bedtime."
2. B"Oily, floating stools may mean my dose needs changing."
3. C"I should not drink any alcohol."
4. D"I'll report increased thirst or passing urine more often."