内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

对于中性粒细胞减少的患者，哪项预防措施对减少感染最重要？

1. A给每个访客用抗生素
2. B整天拉着床帘
3. C每个人都严格做手卫生
4. D让患者卧床

What is a PEG tube?

1. AA feeding tube placed through the abdominal wall into the stomach
2. BA drain placed in the chest to remove air
3. CA catheter placed in a large vein for medicines
4. DA thin tube passed through the nose and down into the small bowel area

What is referred pain?

1. APain that is passed on from one doctor to another
2. BPain that only lasts for a few seconds
3. CPain that a patient makes up
4. DPain felt at a site away from the organ causing it

一名新做回肠造口的患者排出量很高。主要风险是什么？

1. A数天内出现高钙和肾结石
2. B造口上方肠道便秘和粪便嵌塞
3. C脱水以及钠、钾、镁丢失
4. D液体过多和踝部肿胀

对于小面积或散在的烧伤，哪个区域可用来快速估算 1% 的体表面积？

1. A患者的手和前臂
2. B检查者的手掌（含手指）
3. C患者自己的手掌（含手指）
4. D患者的拇指指甲

Why is the time a surgical limb tourniquet is inflated carefully recorded?

1. ALong inflation can cause nerve and muscle damage
2. BThe tourniquet slowly loses all its air after one minute
3. CThe surgeon is paid per minute of use
4. DIt shows how long the anaesthetic gas was used

Which preoperative blood result should the nurse report to the team before elective surgery?

1. AHaemoglobin 138 g/L (13.8 g/dL) in a man
2. BSodium 139 mmol/L
3. CFasting glucose 5.4 mmol/L (97 mg/dL)
4. DPotassium 2.9 mmol/L

一名患有慢性肾脏病的 74 岁患者术后剧烈疼痛。哪个阿片类药物问题最重要？

1. A吗啡是肾衰竭时最安全的阿片类药物，因此可以随意增加剂量
2. B无论疼痛如何，老年人绝不能使用阿片类药物
3. C肾功能对阿片类药物的处理没有影响
4. D吗啡的代谢产物会蓄积，因此可能需要较低剂量或换用其他阿片类药物