内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

Why are pressure garments worn after burns heal?

1. ATo hide the scars from other people
2. BTo prevent infection of the healed skin
3. CTo keep the patient warm in winter
4. DTo reduce raised, thick scarring

哪项建议有助于化疗引起口腔黏膜炎的患者？

1. A用软毛牙刷轻柔护理，并用生理盐水漱口
2. B在疼痛缓解前停止所有口腔护理
3. C吃热的辛辣食物以刺激唾液分泌
4. D每天多次使用含酒精的漱口水消毒

造口袋通常应在何时排空？

1. A当它有三分之一到一半满时
2. B仅在完全装满到顶时
3. C仅在开始渗漏时
4. D每天一次，在同一时间

Which statement about pain in older adults is correct?

1. APain is a normal part of ageing and does not need any treatment at all
2. BOpioids must never be used in people over 70
3. COlder adults feel less pain because nerves wear out
4. DThey may under-report pain, so active assessment is needed

Which advice may help reduce the risk of a parastomal hernia after stoma surgery?

1. AAvoid heavy lifting early on and use support garments as advised
2. BStrain hard on the toilet each day to strengthen the abdominal muscles
3. CDo intensive sit-ups from the first week
4. DKeep the stoma bag as full as possible

为什么在大手术后最初几天，常优先选择规律（定时）镇痛而不是“按需”给药？

1. A它使药物浓度稳定，防止出现剧烈的疼痛高峰
2. B它完全预防所有阿片类药物的副作用
3. C它免除了白天评估患者疼痛的需要
4. D它允许给予超过每日最大限量的剂量

On day 5 after hip surgery, a patient suddenly becomes breathless, with sharp chest pain on breathing in, a pulse of 120/min and SpO₂ 89%. What should the nurse suspect and do first?

1. AAnxiety; give reassurance and repeat the observations in an hour's time
2. BWound infection; take a wound swab and wait for results
3. CSimple atelectasis; encourage walking around the ward
4. DPulmonary embolism; sit up, give oxygen and call for urgent help

An 80 kg adult has 30% TBSA partial- and full-thickness burns. Using the Parkland formula, how much crystalloid is planned for the first 8 hours from the time of the burn?

1. A2400 mL
2. B9600 mL
3. C4800 mL
4. D3200 mL