内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

What is the main purpose of a biopsy when cancer is suspected?

1. ATo remove all the cancer at once
2. BTo confirm the diagnosis by examining tissue
3. CTo give chemotherapy directly into the tumour
4. DTo measure the patient's blood count

Which measure helps prevent burn scar contractures?

1. AAvoiding all movement until the wound has healed
2. BKeeping the joint bent in the most comfortable position
3. CPositioning, splinting and regular stretching exercises
4. DApplying ice packs to the scar every day

What is a parastomal hernia?

1. AA stoma that has sunk below the level of the skin
2. BA sore, red area of skin under the stoma bag from leaking output
3. CA narrowing of the stoma opening
4. DA bulge of bowel through the abdominal wall next to a stoma

Which infection control measure is correct for a patient with C. difficile diarrhoea?

1. AA shared bay, as long as alcohol gel is used after every contact
2. BNo special measures once antibiotics have started
3. CA face mask for the patient and visitors only
4. DA single room with its own toilet, and soap-and-water handwashing

A patient had an upper GI endoscopy with a local anaesthetic throat spray. What must the nurse check before giving a drink?

1. AThat the patient's blood glucose is above normal
2. BThat bowel sounds are present in all four quadrants
3. CThat the patient has passed urine since the procedure
4. DThat swallowing and the gag reflex have returned

Which initial treatment is usual for symptomatic hypercalcaemia of malignancy?

1. AFluid restriction and a thiazide diuretic
2. BA high-calcium diet with extra milk
3. COral calcium tablets and vitamin D
4. DIV fluids followed by an IV bisphosphonate

A patient taking IV antibiotics has three unexplained loose stools in 24 hours. What should the nurse do first?

1. AMove the patient to a bay with other patients to watch them closely
2. BGive loperamide after each loose stool and continue as usual
3. CWait two days to see if the diarrhoea settles
4. DIsolate the patient and send a stool sample for testing

Two hours after a meal, a patient who had a gastrectomy becomes shaky, sweaty and confused. What is the most likely cause and first action?

1. ALate dumping with low blood glucose; check capillary glucose
2. BAn anastomotic leak; insert a nasogastric tube at once
3. CVitamin B₁₂ deficiency; give an injection now
4. DEarly dumping from fluid shifts; give a large drink of water