内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

At which stage of the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist does the team confirm the patient, site and procedure just before the skin incision?

1. ASign Out
2. BTime Out
3. CHandover
4. DSign In

What is diverticulosis?

1. AA tumour growing inside the rectum
2. BInflammation of the whole small bowel wall
3. CA twist of the sigmoid colon on itself
4. DSmall pouches in the wall of the colon

What is healing by secondary intention?

1. AA wound left open that heals from the base upwards
2. BA wound that heals without any new tissue
3. CA wound closed with sutures straight after surgery
4. DA wound closed a few days after it was left open

为什么在计算补液复苏的烧伤面积时，不计入浅表烧伤（仅发红，如晒伤）？

1. A它们总是在一天内完全愈合
2. B皮肤屏障完整，丢失的液体很少
3. C它们总是太小，无法在图表上准确测量
4. D它们引起的液体丢失比其他任何深度都多

Patients on immune checkpoint inhibitors may develop immune-related side effects. Which symptom should they report promptly?

1. AMild tiredness after a busy day
2. BNew diarrhoea or abdominal pain
3. CSlight hair thinning over months
4. DA small bruise after a knock

Which statement about moist wound healing is correct?

1. AWounds should be soaked in water for hours every day
2. BA moist, not wet, wound bed helps cells move and heal faster
3. CWounds heal fastest when left to dry out and form a scab
4. DA wet wound bed always prevents infection

A competent adult who is a Jehovah's Witness refuses blood transfusion before major surgery. What should the nurse do?

1. APlan to transfuse secretly during the operation if it becomes needed
2. BCancel the surgery without discussing it
3. CAsk the family to override the decision
4. DRespect the decision, document it and inform the team

A bag of parenteral nutrition runs out and the next one will not arrive for several hours. Which risk should the nurse anticipate?

1. ASevere hyperkalaemia
2. BRaised intracranial pressure
3. CRebound hypoglycaemia
4. DAcute urinary retention