内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

Which exercises are usually taught to patients before major surgery?

1. ALong-distance running every day
2. BHolding the breath for as long as possible
3. CDeep breathing, coughing and leg exercises
4. DHeavy weightlifting to build strength

为什么肠梗阻时常插入鼻胃管？

1. A给予泻药以解除梗阻
2. B测量肠内的压力
3. C直接越过梗阻处输入高纤维营养液
4. D使胃减压并减少呕吐

How should a patient be positioned during enteral tube feeding?

1. AWith the head lower than the feet
2. BLying completely flat on the back with one pillow
3. CLying on the stomach with the head turned to one side
4. DWith the head of the bed raised to at least 30–45°

Which nursing intervention best reduces preoperative anxiety?

1. AExplaining what will happen and answering questions
2. BTelling the patient that there is nothing to worry about
3. CAvoiding talking about the operation at all
4. DKeeping family members away until after surgery

一名新做回肠造口的患者排出量很高。主要风险是什么？

1. A造口上方肠道便秘和粪便嵌塞
2. B脱水以及钠、钾、镁丢失
3. C液体过多和踝部肿胀
4. D数天内出现高钙和肾结石

Why is thiamine given to patients with alcohol dependence admitted to hospital?

1. ATo reduce the craving for alcohol
2. BTo treat the cirrhosis directly
3. CTo prevent bleeding from varices
4. DTo prevent Wernicke's encephalopathy

Which preoperative task can a registered nurse usually delegate to a healthcare assistant (nursing assistant)?

1. ADeciding whether abnormal results need reporting
2. BTeaching the patient how to use a PCA pump
3. CAssessing the patient's understanding of the surgery
4. DRecording baseline vital signs

A nurse has a needlestick injury after taking blood from a patient with hepatitis B. What should the nurse do first?

1. AWash the site with soap and running water, without scrubbing
2. BScrub the area hard with a nail brush and alcohol
3. CFinish the shift and report it the next day
4. DSuck the wound to remove as much of the blood as possible