内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

哪两个因素是消化性溃疡最常见的病因？

1. A喝牛奶和吃柑橘类水果
2. B辛辣食物和长期心理或工作压力
3. CHelicobacter pylori 感染和 NSAID
4. D吸烟和喝太多浓咖啡

Which sign suggests acute cholecystitis?

1. AA flapping tremor of the hands when the arms are held out
2. BPain that stops a deep breath when the right upper abdomen is pressed
3. CBruising around the umbilicus and over both flanks of the abdomen
4. DPain in the left lower abdomen when the right side is pressed

What is referred pain?

1. APain felt at a site away from the organ causing it
2. BPain that only lasts for a few seconds
3. CPain that is passed on from one doctor to another
4. DPain that a patient makes up

Which finding suggests a deep tissue pressure injury?

1. AIntact skin that is purple or maroon over a bony area
2. BPale pink skin that blanches quickly when pressed
3. CA small scratch on the skin with a little fresh red blood
4. DDry, flaky skin on both shins

What is the main treatment for a venous leg ulcer with an adequate arterial supply?

1. AStrong oral antibiotics for all ulcers
2. BSurgery to amputate the limb
3. CKeeping the leg hanging down all day
4. DCompression therapy

小肠梗阻和大肠梗阻的主要临床区别是什么？

1. A小肠：完全不呕吐；大肠：早期大量呕吐，无腹胀
2. B小肠：呕吐早，腹胀较轻；大肠：呕吐晚，腹胀明显
3. C小肠：仅有明显腹胀；大肠：无疼痛、无呕吐，也完全没有腹胀
4. D没有临床区别；只有 CT 扫描才能区分

A nurse teaches a patient with chronic pancreatitis. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I'll report increased thirst or passing urine more often."
2. B"Oily, floating stools may mean my dose needs changing."
3. C"I'll take my enzyme capsules at bedtime."
4. D"I should not drink any alcohol."

一名患有慢性肾脏病的 74 岁患者术后剧烈疼痛。哪个阿片类药物问题最重要？

1. A无论疼痛如何，老年人绝不能使用阿片类药物
2. B吗啡是肾衰竭时最安全的阿片类药物，因此可以随意增加剂量
3. C吗啡的代谢产物会蓄积，因此可能需要较低剂量或换用其他阿片类药物
4. D肾功能对阿片类药物的处理没有影响