内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

回肠造口的排出物通常与乙状结肠造口的排出物有何不同？

1. A两者都只排出气体和黏液
2. B回肠造口排出物成形；结肠造口排出物为液体
3. C两者都每天排一次成形粪便
4. D回肠造口排出物为液体；结肠造口排出物成形

What is diverticulosis?

1. AA tumour growing inside the rectum
2. BA twist of the sigmoid colon on itself
3. CSmall pouches in the wall of the colon
4. DInflammation of the whole small bowel wall

Which signs suggest peritonitis?

1. AA small, painless lump near the umbilicus
2. BGuarding, rebound tenderness and a rigid abdomen
3. CLoud bowel sounds with a hungry feeling
4. DA soft abdomen with no pain on pressing

Which patient is at highest risk of refeeding syndrome?

1. AA patient with a normal BMI eating three meals a day
2. BAn underweight patient who has eaten very little for 10 days
3. CA healthy adult after an overnight fast for minor surgery
4. DA patient who missed one lunch because of a scan

A patient takes co-codamol at home (a combination tablet sold under different names in different countries). Why should the nurse check this before giving regular paracetamol (acetaminophen)?

1. ACo-codamol stops paracetamol from working
2. BIt already contains paracetamol, so overdose could occur
3. CParacetamol and codeine cause a severe allergic reaction when combined
4. DCo-codamol must be stopped a week before any paracetamol

许多化疗药物给药后，对体液采取特殊预防措施通常要持续多长时间？

1. A从不需要
2. B整整一年
3. C仅在输注期间
4. D通常约 48 小时

On day 3 after surgery, a patient has a temperature of 38.6 °C, respiratory rate 24/min, pulse 118/min, BP 92/58 mmHg and new confusion. What should the nurse do?

1. ARecord the observations and continue routine care
2. BEncourage oral fluids and wait for the doctor's round
3. CEscalate urgently and start the sepsis pathway
4. DGive paracetamol and recheck in four hours

A nurse teaches a patient to self-inject low molecular weight heparin at home. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I'll change the injection site each day."
2. B"I'll rub the area afterwards to spread the medicine."
3. C"I'll report any unusual bruising or bleeding."
4. D"I'll put the used syringe in the sharps bin."