内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

How is hepatitis B mainly spread?

1. AThrough touching door handles and shaking hands
2. BThrough blood, sexual contact and from mother to baby
3. COnly by coughing and sneezing
4. DOnly by eating undercooked shellfish from polluted water

造口袋通常应在何时排空？

1. A仅在开始渗漏时
2. B每天一次，在同一时间
3. C仅在完全装满到顶时
4. D当它有三分之一到一半满时

健康的造口是什么样子？

1. A苍白、发凉
2. B湿润，呈红色或粉红色
3. C干燥，呈黑色
4. D紫色或暗淡、干燥

严重急性胰腺炎时可能出现哪种电解质问题？

1. A高钾血症
2. B高钠血症
3. C高钙血症
4. D低钙血症

What is a Curling's ulcer?

1. AA burn on the sole of the foot
2. BA stress ulcer of the stomach or duodenum after a major burn
3. CA pressure ulcer under a splint that has been left on too long
4. DA leg ulcer caused by venous disease after long bed rest

How should a patient with facial burns usually be positioned?

1. ALying flat with the head lower than the feet
2. BWith the head of the bed raised to reduce swelling
3. CIn any position that keeps the face covered
4. DLying face down on the pillow to protect the airway

A colleague suggests giving a saline injection to see whether a patient's pain is "real". What is the best response?

1. ADeceptive placebos are unethical and do not show pain is "fake"
2. BIt is acceptable if a senior nurse gives the saline
3. CIt should be done only for patients with chronic pain
4. DIt is a good idea, as long as the patient is not told about it afterwards

一名两个月前放置了冠状动脉支架、服用阿司匹林和氯吡格雷的患者出现黑便，现在情况稳定。对抗血小板药物，最恰当的处理是什么？

1. A永久停用两种药物，因为任何出血都意味着它们不再安全
2. B两种药物原样继续，并且不向团队提及出血
3. C报告出血；由团队在心脏科的参与下决定，权衡出血与支架血栓
4. D将两种药物的剂量加倍，因为出血意味着支架有更大的血栓风险