内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

Which urine output is commonly used as the minimum acceptable value for an adult after surgery?

1. AAbout 5 mL/kg per hour
2. BAbout 0.05 mL/kg per hour
3. CAbout 0.5 mL/kg per hour
4. DAbout 50 mL/kg per hour

What does the ASA physical status classification describe?

1. AThe patient's general health before anaesthesia
2. BThe patient's pain score after surgery
3. CThe type of anaesthetic drug the surgeon prefers
4. DThe exact length of the planned operation

Which sign suggests acute cholecystitis?

1. AA flapping tremor of the hands when the arms are held out
2. BPain in the left lower abdomen when the right side is pressed
3. CPain that stops a deep breath when the right upper abdomen is pressed
4. DBruising around the umbilicus and over both flanks of the abdomen

Which is a common side effect of opioids, especially when given by epidural or spinal route?

1. AHair growth
2. BItching
3. CIncreased hunger
4. DRinging in the ears

麻醉期间，恶性高热最早的征象通常是什么？

1. A呼气末 CO₂ 无法解释地升高
2. B心率减慢、血压降低
3. C皮肤潮红，同时 CO₂ 水平下降
4. D体温持续下降

关于轻症急性胰腺炎的喂养，下列哪项说法符合目前的指南？

1. A患者必须禁食至少三周以让胰腺休息
2. B在淀粉酶恢复正常之前不进食
3. C患者只应接受肠外营养
4. D一旦疼痛和恶心允许，可尽早恢复经口进食

Why is an SGLT2 inhibitor such as dapagliflozin usually withheld before surgery?

1. AIt makes the patient's potassium dangerously high
2. BIt interacts with all general anaesthetic gases and stops them working
3. CIt causes the surgical wound to bleed more
4. DIt raises the risk of ketoacidosis, even with near-normal glucose

A patient taking oral capecitabine reports red, painful, peeling palms and soles. What should the nurse do?

1. ATell the patient to take a double dose next time
2. BReport it; this is hand-foot syndrome and treatment may need changing
3. CReassure that it is a sign of an unrelated allergy to washing powder
4. DAdvise hot soaks for the hands and feet