内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

Why are swabs, sharps and instruments counted during surgery?

1. ATo prevent items being left inside the patient
2. BTo decide how long the operation took
3. CTo check the stock in the store room
4. DTo calculate the cost of the operation

为什么全身麻醉前要求患者禁食？

1. A使扫描时肠道更容易看清
2. B减少手术中的出血
3. C使血糖水平比平时更高
4. D降低误吸胃内容物的风险

哪些体征提示烧伤患者有吸入性损伤？

1. A触碰热锅把手后一根手指起水疱
2. B户外一天后背部晒伤
3. C面部烧伤、鼻毛烧焦、烟灰和声音嘶哑
4. D一只脚烧伤但感觉正常

哪项饮食建议可降低新回肠造口堵塞的风险？

1. A不怎么咀嚼就快速吞咽食物
2. B第一天起就吃大量坚果和种子
3. C充分咀嚼，并缓慢引入含纤维的食物
4. D喝很少的水以使排出物变稠

Which statement correctly describes physical dependence on opioids?

1. AThe patient always craves the drug and misuses it despite harm
2. BWithdrawal occurs if the drug is stopped suddenly
3. CThe patient is allergic to opioids
4. DThe drug no longer has any side effects

Which group of findings suggests obstruction of the bile duct?

1. ARed urine, black stools and a high blood glucose
2. BPale urine, dark stools and a flapping tremor
3. CNormal skin colour with diarrhoea and fever
4. DJaundice, dark urine, pale stools and itching

A patient finds daily wound dressing changes very painful. What is the most effective nursing approach?

1. AGive analgesia timed so it works during the dressing change
2. BChange the dressing less often than the plan says
3. CAvoid analgesia so the patient can report any problems during the change
4. DDo the dressing quickly and give analgesia afterwards

In week 5 of radiotherapy, the skin in the treatment field is broken, moist and painful. What should the nurse do?

1. AScrub the area with soap to prevent infection
2. BApply adhesive tape directly over the area to protect it from clothing
3. CReport it, keep it clean and use a non-adherent dressing
4. DUse a heat pad to speed healing