内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

回肠造口的排出物通常与乙状结肠造口的排出物有何不同？

1. A两者都每天排一次成形粪便
2. B回肠造口排出物成形；结肠造口排出物为液体
3. C两者都只排出气体和黏液
4. D回肠造口排出物为液体；结肠造口排出物成形

患者通常如何描述神经病理性疼痛？

1. A一阵阵袭来的痉挛性疼痛
2. B烧灼样、射击样或像电击
3. C仅在按压该区域时的搏动性疼痛
4. D活动时加重的钝痛

Which preoperative allergy must be communicated so that theatre equipment can be changed?

1. ACat hair allergy
2. BLatex allergy
3. CHouse dust mite allergy
4. DPollen allergy

手术后哪个时期最可能发生伤口裂开？

1. A术后约 5–10 天
2. B仅在手术过程中
3. C术后一年以上
4. D最初一小时内

How should pancreatic enzyme replacement capsules usually be taken?

1. AOnce a day at bedtime
2. BWith every meal and snack
3. COnly on days with abdominal pain
4. DOne hour after meals, on an empty stomach

Why does a patient need lifelong vitamin B₁₂ injections after total gastrectomy?

1. AVitamin B₁₂ is lost in the urine after the surgery
2. BThe small bowel stops absorbing all nutrients
3. CThe liver can no longer store any vitamins
4. DIntrinsic factor from the stomach is no longer made

During radiotherapy to the chest, a patient develops pain on swallowing and is eating less. What is the most likely cause and nursing focus?

1. ANormal ageing; no action needed
2. BA heart attack; give aspirin and arrange an ECG
3. CRadiation oesophagitis; analgesia, soft food and nutrition support
4. DA stomach ulcer; give an antacid after meals only

A patient with three fractured ribs is taking shallow breaths because of pain. Why is effective analgesia a priority?

1. AShallow breathing can lead to atelectasis and pneumonia
2. BGood analgesia makes rib fractures heal fully within a few days
3. CRib pain always means the heart is damaged
4. DPain relief is only needed for the patient's comfort