内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

What is the basic idea of the WHO analgesic ladder?

1. AGive analgesia only when the patient asks for it
2. BStep up from non-opioids to weak, then strong, opioids as needed
3. CUse only one drug at a time, never in combination
4. DAlways start with the strongest opioid available and then reduce it slowly

What does the grade of a cancer describe?

1. AHow far the cancer has spread in the body
2. BThe patient's age when diagnosed
3. CHow abnormal the cancer cells look under a microscope
4. DHow many treatments the patient has had so far, including surgery

What is healing by secondary intention?

1. AA wound left open that heals from the base upwards
2. BA wound closed with sutures straight after surgery
3. CA wound closed a few days after it was left open
4. DA wound that heals without any new tissue

How can low-dose opioids help a patient with breathlessness from advanced cancer?

1. AThey cure the underlying lung disease
2. BThey reduce the feeling of breathlessness
3. CThey open the airways like an inhaler
4. DThey increase the oxygen level in the blood

什么是麻痹性肠梗阻？

1. A没有物理性阻塞，但肠蠕动丧失
2. B大肠扭转，阻断其血供
3. C肿瘤阻塞肠腔
4. D伴发热的肠壁感染

哪些床旁评估用于追踪腹水？

1. A每天两次的瞳孔大小和反应
2. B每餐前的毛细血管血糖
3. C峰流速和血氧饱和度
4. D每日体重和腹围

After signing the consent form, a patient tells the nurse, "I don't really understand what they are going to do." What should the nurse do?

1. AInform the surgeon so that the procedure can be explained again
2. BExplain the surgical risks in detail without involving the surgeon
3. CIgnore the comment because the form is already signed
4. DReassure the patient that the surgeon knows best

A patient with recurrent diverticulitis reports passing air and faecal matter in the urine. What is the most likely cause?

1. AA kidney stone blocking the ureter
2. BA fistula between the colon and the bladder
3. CBowel preparation that was taken too quickly
4. DA simple lower urinary tract infection