内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

What does black tissue in a wound bed usually indicate?

1. ANecrotic (dead) tissue
2. BHealthy granulation tissue
3. CNew epithelial cells
4. DNormal blood clot from a fresh cut

Which electrolyte typically falls in refeeding syndrome?

1. ASodium
2. BChloride
3. CCalcium
4. DPhosphate

What does "coffee-ground" vomit usually indicate?

1. ABlood that has been partly digested by stomach acid
2. BBile coming back from an obstructed small bowel
3. CA side effect of drinking strong coffee
4. DUndigested food from several days ago

Why is the time a surgical limb tourniquet is inflated carefully recorded?

1. ALong inflation can cause nerve and muscle damage
2. BThe tourniquet slowly loses all its air after one minute
3. CThe surgeon is paid per minute of use
4. DIt shows how long the anaesthetic gas was used

关于轻症急性胰腺炎的喂养，下列哪项说法符合目前的指南？

1. A患者必须禁食至少三周以让胰腺休息
2. B在淀粉酶恢复正常之前不进食
3. C一旦疼痛和恶心允许，可尽早恢复经口进食
4. D患者只应接受肠外营养

What is achalasia?

1. AInflammation of the oesophagus caused by a fungal infection
2. BFailure of the lower oesophageal sphincter to relax on swallowing
3. CWeakness of the lower oesophageal sphincter that allows reflux
4. DA tear at the junction of the oesophagus and the stomach

A 76-year-old with a past peptic ulcer needs long-term anti-inflammatory treatment for arthritis. Which plan best reduces GI bleeding risk?

1. ACombine two different NSAIDs at lower doses
2. BUse the highest NSAID dose to shorten the course
3. CConsider an alternative; if an NSAID is needed, add a PPI
4. DTake the NSAID with a glass of milk instead of food

重症急性胰腺炎第 2 天，一名患者呼吸困难，SpO₂ 88%，胸部 X 线显示双肺浸润影。最可能的并发症是什么？

1. A急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）
2. B急性重度哮喘发作
3. C异物误吸
4. D自发性张力性气胸