内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

谁应该按下患者自控镇痛（PCA）泵的按钮？

1. A患者睡着时由亲属按
2. B护士在每班开始时按
3. C患者请求的任何访客
4. D只有患者本人

什么是术后加速康复（ERAS）？

1. A规定患者必须卧床三天
2. B帮助患者术后更快康复的护理路径
3. C完全不需要任何麻醉的手术技术
4. D经静脉给予所有药物的方法

Why does chemotherapy often affect the bone marrow, gut lining and hair?

1. AThese tissues contain rapidly dividing cells
2. BThese tissues are the main sites of cancer
3. CThese tissues have no blood supply
4. DThese tissues store the chemotherapy drugs

Which change suggests that a burn wound is becoming infected?

1. AA partial-thickness burn becoming deeper, with new discolouration
2. BLess exudate on each dressing change
3. CDry, healing skin with mild itching
4. DThe wound becoming pink and a little smaller at each dressing change

Which is a recognised side effect of ondansetron?

1. AConstipation
2. BSevere hypoglycaemia
3. CHair loss
4. DHearing loss

Why is the time a surgical limb tourniquet is inflated carefully recorded?

1. AThe surgeon is paid per minute of use
2. BLong inflation can cause nerve and muscle damage
3. CIt shows how long the anaesthetic gas was used
4. DThe tourniquet slowly loses all its air after one minute

A dying patient has noisy, rattling breathing. The patient seems unaware, but the family is distressed. What is the best nursing approach?

1. AReposition, explain the cause and give prescribed drugs if needed
2. BPerform deep suction every hour
3. CGive large volumes of IV fluid to loosen and thin the secretions
4. DAsk the family to leave the room

On day 3 after surgery, a patient has a temperature of 38.6 °C, respiratory rate 24/min, pulse 118/min, BP 92/58 mmHg and new confusion. What should the nurse do?

1. AEscalate urgently and start the sepsis pathway
2. BGive paracetamol and recheck in four hours
3. CEncourage oral fluids and wait for the doctor's round
4. DRecord the observations and continue routine care