内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

WHO 手术安全核查表的目的是什么？

1. A确保手术前、手术中和手术后进行关键的安全核查
2. B列出外科医生的培训和经验
3. C记录患者术后想吃和想喝什么
4. D取代择期手术的知情同意

Using the rule of nines in an adult, what percentage is the whole head and neck?

1. A1%
2. B4.5%
3. C9%
4. D18%

What is a volvulus?

1. AAn infection of the appendix
2. BA twist of a loop of bowel around itself
3. CA pouch in the wall of the colon that fills with stool
4. DA tear in the lining of the anus

小肠梗阻和大肠梗阻的主要临床区别是什么？

1. A小肠：完全不呕吐；大肠：早期大量呕吐，无腹胀
2. B小肠：呕吐早，腹胀较轻；大肠：呕吐晚，腹胀明显
3. C没有临床区别；只有 CT 扫描才能区分
4. D小肠：仅有明显腹胀；大肠：无疼痛、无呕吐，也完全没有腹胀

造口袋底盘的开口应剪多大？

1. A任何大小，只要盖住造口即可
2. B比造口四周大约 2 cm
3. C比造口四周大约 2–3 mm
4. D略小于造口以便紧密密封

Aspirate from a nasogastric tube has a pH of 7. What should the nurse do?

1. AStart the feed slowly and watch the patient closely for coughing
2. BFlush with 50 mL of air and start the feed
3. CDo not use it; re-test later or arrange an X-ray as per policy
4. DGive the medicines but not the feed

A patient arrives in the anaesthetic room without an identity band. What should the nurse do?

1. AProceed because the patient can say their name
2. BStop and confirm identity, then apply a band
3. CUse the spare identity band from the front of the patient's notes folder
4. DProceed and add a band once in recovery

Which patient has the highest risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting?

1. AA non-smoking woman with motion sickness who will need opioids
2. BA smoker who has never had nausea after surgery
3. CA male smoker having a short procedure without opioids
4. DA man with no history of nausea having local anaesthetic only