内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

在高收入国家，成人小肠梗阻最常见的原因是什么？

1. A吞入的异物
2. B嵌顿在胆囊颈部的胆结石
3. C既往手术造成的粘连
4. D结直肠癌

Which feature is typical of an arterial leg ulcer?

1. AA blister on the heel with plenty of hair growth
2. BA painless wound on the shin with normal pulses
3. CA shallow, wet wound around the ankle with warm, swollen skin
4. DA painful, punched-out wound on a cold, pale foot

What is lymphoedema?

1. ASwelling from a broken bone in the arm
2. BFluid in the lungs from heart failure
3. CSwelling from poor lymph drainage, for example after node removal
4. DInflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck and armpits from a virus

Which drug class is used to reduce the risk of a first variceal bleed in cirrhosis?

1. ANon-selective beta-blockers
2. BProton pump inhibitors
3. CCalcium supplements
4. DThiazide diuretics

哪种电解质异常可促成术后肠梗阻？

1. A低钾血症
2. B高磷血症
3. C高钠血症
4. D高钾血症

What is TENS?

1. AA device that sends mild electrical pulses through skin pads
2. BA type of epidural catheter inserted in theatre
3. CA strong opioid given through the skin as a weekly adhesive patch
4. DA pain score used for babies

A patient with cirrhosis takes spironolactone and furosemide. Which blood result should the nurse report before the next dose?

1. ASodium 141 mmol/L
2. BSodium 138 mmol/L
3. CPotassium 6.0 mmol/L
4. DPotassium 4.2 mmol/L

A patient's platelet count is 18 × 10⁹/L (18,000/µL). Which order should the nurse question?

1. ADaily full blood count
2. BA soft diet with mouthwashes
3. CAn intramuscular injection
4. DOral paracetamol for headache