内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

Which drug reverses the effects of opioids?

1. AVitamin K
2. BNaloxone
3. CFlumazenil
4. DProtamine

What is the basic idea of the WHO analgesic ladder?

1. AUse only one drug at a time, never in combination
2. BAlways start with the strongest opioid available and then reduce it slowly
3. CStep up from non-opioids to weak, then strong, opioids as needed
4. DGive analgesia only when the patient asks for it

At which stage of the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist does the team confirm the patient, site and procedure just before the skin incision?

1. AHandover
2. BSign In
3. CTime Out
4. DSign Out

A dying patient can no longer drink. Which mouth care is most appropriate?

1. ALemon and glycerine swabs every hour to stimulate saliva
2. BNo mouth care, to avoid disturbing the patient
3. CBrushing hard with a stiff toothbrush twice a day
4. DFrequent, gentle moistening of the mouth and lips

Why are antiemetics usually given before chemotherapy starts?

1. AAntiemetics make the chemotherapy work better
2. BThey cannot be given once nausea has started
3. CPreventing nausea works better than treating it later
4. DThey stop the chemotherapy from causing hair loss and mouth sores

为什么在大手术后最初几天，常优先选择规律（定时）镇痛而不是“按需”给药？

1. A它使药物浓度稳定，防止出现剧烈的疼痛高峰
2. B它免除了白天评估患者疼痛的需要
3. C它允许给予超过每日最大限量的剂量
4. D它完全预防所有阿片类药物的副作用

A patient on warfarin has a major upper GI bleed with an INR of 5. Which treatment should the nurse anticipate to reverse the warfarin?

1. AMore warfarin to stabilise the INR
2. BProthrombin complex concentrate with IV vitamin K
3. COral aspirin to balance the clotting system quickly
4. DProtamine sulfate on its own

After several days of a tight CPAP mask, a patient has a red, broken area on the bridge of the nose. What is this, and what should the nurse do?

1. AA normal mark; take no action until it heals
2. BA burn from the oxygen; apply ice to the area
3. CAn allergic rash; stop the CPAP for good and give oral antihistamines
4. DA device-related pressure injury; protect skin and refit the mask