内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

Which skin care advice is usual during external beam radiotherapy?

1. AApply a hot water bottle to soothe the area
2. BWash gently with lukewarm water and pat dry
3. CUse perfumed lotions to keep the skin soft
4. DScrub the treated area daily to remove the skin marks

为什么全身麻醉前要求患者禁食？

1. A减少手术中的出血
2. B使血糖水平比平时更高
3. C使扫描时肠道更容易看清
4. D降低误吸胃内容物的风险

阿片类药物的哪种副作用通常不会随持续用药而减轻？

1. A镇静
2. B恶心和呕吐
3. C瘙痒
4. D便秘

After laparoscopic cholecystectomy, a patient has pain in the right shoulder. What is the most likely cause?

1. AAn allergy to the dressing on the wound
2. BA dislocated shoulder from patient positioning
3. CA heart attack during the operation
4. DGas used during surgery irritating the diaphragm

一名回肠膀胱术（尿路造口）患者担心尿中有黏液。正确的解释是什么？

1. A这是肾结石的征象，今天必须上报
2. B这是正常的，因为该通道由小肠制成
3. C这意味着造口失效，需要手术
4. D这表明正在发生肠梗阻

Which treatment often relieves pain from a bone metastasis?

1. AIron supplements by mouth for several months
2. BA diet low in calcium and vitamin D
3. CComplete bed rest for a month
4. DPalliative radiotherapy to the area

A patient with cirrhosis takes spironolactone and furosemide. Which blood result should the nurse report before the next dose?

1. ASodium 138 mmol/L
2. BSodium 141 mmol/L
3. CPotassium 4.2 mmol/L
4. DPotassium 6.0 mmol/L

After several days of a tight CPAP mask, a patient has a red, broken area on the bridge of the nose. What is this, and what should the nurse do?

1. AA burn from the oxygen; apply ice to the area
2. BAn allergic rash; stop the CPAP for good and give oral antihistamines
3. CA normal mark; take no action until it heals
4. DA device-related pressure injury; protect skin and refit the mask