内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

健康的造口是什么样子？

1. A苍白、发凉
2. B干燥，呈黑色
3. C湿润，呈红色或粉红色
4. D紫色或暗淡、干燥

What does "coffee-ground" vomit usually indicate?

1. AUndigested food from several days ago
2. BBile coming back from an obstructed small bowel
3. CBlood that has been partly digested by stomach acid
4. DA side effect of drinking strong coffee

Why is a feeding tube flushed with water before and after giving medicines?

1. ATo warm the tube so it is more comfortable
2. BTo check that the patient is not thirsty
3. CTo clean the stomach before the next meal
4. DTo keep it clear and stop drugs mixing with feed

Why are patients with diabetes often placed early on the operating list?

1. ABecause they need to go home before midday
2. BBecause their wounds heal faster in the morning
3. CBecause their surgery always takes longer than others
4. DTo shorten fasting and reduce swings in blood glucose

Why do patients with major burns lose so much fluid in the first 24–48 hours?

1. ALeaky capillaries let plasma move into the tissues
2. BThe burned skin absorbs fluid from the air
3. CThe kidneys stop making urine completely
4. DPatients drink far too little in hospital in the first days

Which is a common side effect of opioids, especially when given by epidural or spinal route?

1. AIncreased hunger
2. BHair growth
3. CRinging in the ears
4. DItching

A patient with diabetes has a foot ulcer. A sterile probe touches bone at the base of the ulcer. What should the nurse suspect?

1. ASimple dry skin
2. BOsteomyelitis
3. CA healing category 1 ulcer
4. DVenous insufficiency

Which new prescription for a patient with cirrhosis should the nurse question?

1. ALactulose to keep the bowels open
2. BRegular ibuprofen for back pain
3. CThiamine supplements
4. DSpironolactone for ascites