内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

What does "coffee-ground" vomit usually indicate?

1. ABile coming back from an obstructed small bowel
2. BUndigested food from several days ago
3. CA side effect of drinking strong coffee
4. DBlood that has been partly digested by stomach acid

Which skin care advice is usual during external beam radiotherapy?

1. AWash gently with lukewarm water and pat dry
2. BApply a hot water bottle to soothe the area
3. CScrub the treated area daily to remove the skin marks
4. DUse perfumed lotions to keep the skin soft

In many adult guidelines, how long before an elective anaesthetic can clear fluids usually be drunk?

1. AUp to 12 hours before
2. BUp to 10 minutes before
3. CUp to 24 hours before
4. DUp to 2 hours before

Which is a recognised risk of long-term proton pump inhibitor use?

1. AHypernatraemia
2. BHypomagnesaemia
3. CHypercalcaemia
4. DHyperkalaemia

How should a patient with facial burns usually be positioned?

1. AIn any position that keeps the face covered
2. BLying flat with the head lower than the feet
3. CLying face down on the pillow to protect the airway
4. DWith the head of the bed raised to reduce swelling

During the first infusion of a monoclonal antibody such as rituximab, which problem is most important to watch for?

1. AA rise in platelet count above normal
2. BSudden hair loss during the infusion
3. CAn infusion reaction, such as fever, rigors or breathlessness
4. DSevere constipation within the first hour of starting the infusion

A category (stage) 4 pressure ulcer is now healing and shallower. How should it be documented according to standard guidance?

1. AAs a fully healed ulcer that can be removed from the record
2. BAs a healing category 4 pressure ulcer
3. CAs a category 1 pressure ulcer now
4. DAs a category 2 pressure ulcer now

一名肝性脑病患者夜间烦躁。有人建议用苯二氮䓬类药物助眠。护士应怎么做？

1. A给药，因为肝脏不影响镇静药
2. B提出质疑，因为镇静药可使脑病加重
3. C给药并停用乳果糖以避免腹泻
4. D给双倍的常规剂量以确保入睡