内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

采集伤口拭子做培养之前，应该做什么？

1. A旧敷料再保留整整一天
2. B用生理盐水清洁以去除表面碎屑
3. C从干燥的敷料本身取拭子
4. D涂抹消毒剂并使其完全干燥

Which tool helps assess pain in a person with advanced dementia who cannot report it?

1. AThe Glasgow Coma Scale, scored every hour
2. BA numerical rating scale from 0 to 10, read out slowly
3. CAn observational scale such as PAINAD or Abbey
4. DThe MUST nutrition score

Which drug is commonly used to prevent or treat postoperative nausea and vomiting?

1. AOndansetron
2. BFurosemide
3. CAmlodipine
4. DAtorvastatin

A dying patient can no longer drink. Which mouth care is most appropriate?

1. AFrequent, gentle moistening of the mouth and lips
2. BNo mouth care, to avoid disturbing the patient
3. CLemon and glycerine swabs every hour to stimulate saliva
4. DBrushing hard with a stiff toothbrush twice a day

How can low-dose opioids help a patient with breathlessness from advanced cancer?

1. AThey open the airways like an inhaler
2. BThey reduce the feeling of breathlessness
3. CThey cure the underlying lung disease
4. DThey increase the oxygen level in the blood

Which instruction is important during bowel preparation for colonoscopy?

1. ADrink plenty of clear fluids while taking the preparation
2. BAvoid all fluids for 24 hours before the test
3. CTake the preparation only if the bowels have not opened
4. DEat a high-fibre meal the evening before the test

A patient with recurrent diverticulitis reports passing air and faecal matter in the urine. What is the most likely cause?

1. AA fistula between the colon and the bladder
2. BBowel preparation that was taken too quickly
3. CA simple lower urinary tract infection
4. DA kidney stone blocking the ureter

A patient with diabetes on continuous enteral feeding and an insulin regimen has the feed stopped for a procedure. What is the main concern?

1. AHypoglycaemia if insulin continues without the feed
2. BDiarrhoea from stopping the feed suddenly
3. CHyperglycaemia because the stomach is empty
4. DRefeeding syndrome from too much glucose