内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

What is atelectasis?

1. ACollapse of small air sacs in part of the lung
2. BA blood clot in a leg vein
3. CInfection of the surgical wound
4. DSwelling of both ankles caused by lying in bed after surgery

In many adult guidelines, how long before an elective anaesthetic can clear fluids usually be drunk?

1. AUp to 12 hours before
2. BUp to 24 hours before
3. CUp to 10 minutes before
4. DUp to 2 hours before

How is hepatitis B mainly spread?

1. AThrough touching door handles and shaking hands
2. BOnly by eating undercooked shellfish from polluted water
3. COnly by coughing and sneezing
4. DThrough blood, sexual contact and from mother to baby

Which pain pattern classically suggests a duodenal rather than a gastric ulcer?

1. APain straight after eating that is worsened by food
2. BPain 2–3 hours after meals and at night, eased by eating
3. CPain only on deep breathing that eases when sitting forwards
4. DPain in the right lower abdomen with fever and vomiting

Which instruction is important during bowel preparation for colonoscopy?

1. ADrink plenty of clear fluids while taking the preparation
2. BTake the preparation only if the bowels have not opened
3. CAvoid all fluids for 24 hours before the test
4. DEat a high-fibre meal the evening before the test

Which group of findings suggests obstruction of the bile duct?

1. APale urine, dark stools and a flapping tremor
2. BJaundice, dark urine, pale stools and itching
3. CRed urine, black stools and a high blood glucose
4. DNormal skin colour with diarrhoea and fever

Hours after an oesophageal dilatation, a patient has chest pain, fever and crackling swelling under the skin of the neck. What should the nurse suspect?

1. ASimple reflux after the dilatation
2. BAn allergic reaction to the sedative
3. COesophageal perforation
4. DNormal discomfort after the procedure

重症急性胰腺炎第 2 天，一名患者呼吸困难，SpO₂ 88%，胸部 X 线显示双肺浸润影。最可能的并发症是什么？

1. A急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）
2. B异物误吸
3. C自发性张力性气胸
4. D急性重度哮喘发作