内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

What is the Braden scale (or a similar tool such as Waterlow) used for?

1. AMeasuring a patient's level of consciousness
2. BGrading the depth of a burn wound before dressing it
3. CScoring the severity of nausea
4. DAssessing the risk of developing pressure ulcers

Which sign is typical of hepatic encephalopathy?

1. AA fine rash over the chest and arms
2. BA stiff neck with sensitivity to light
3. CA drooping eyelid on one side
4. DA flapping tremor of the outstretched hands

为什么全身麻醉前要求患者禁食？

1. A减少手术中的出血
2. B使血糖水平比平时更高
3. C使扫描时肠道更容易看清
4. D降低误吸胃内容物的风险

How are skin staples usually removed from a healed incision?

1. AThe staples are left in permanently under the skin
2. BOnly the staples at each end, leaving the others for good
3. CAlternate staples first, then the rest if the wound holds
4. DAll staples at once by pulling each one straight up from the skin

为什么在大手术后最初几天，常优先选择规律（定时）镇痛而不是“按需”给药？

1. A它完全预防所有阿片类药物的副作用
2. B它允许给予超过每日最大限量的剂量
3. C它免除了白天评估患者疼痛的需要
4. D它使药物浓度稳定，防止出现剧烈的疼痛高峰

Which is correct when caring for a patient with a PICC line?

1. AUse the PICC arm for heavy lifting to keep it flexible
2. BAvoid taking blood pressure on the arm with the line
3. CLeave the external length unchecked once it is placed
4. DFlush the line only when it blocks

A patient with small cell lung cancer is confused and drowsy. Sodium is 118 mmol/L and the urine is highly concentrated. Which complication is likely?

1. ADiabetes insipidus
2. BSIADH
3. CTumour lysis syndrome
4. DHypercalcaemia of malignancy

A patient has sharp, tearing pain on passing stool, "like passing glass", with a streak of fresh blood. Which condition is most likely?

1. AColorectal cancer
2. BAnal fissure
3. CUpper GI bleeding
4. DCrohn's disease of the ileum