内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

What is a PICC line?

1. AA central venous catheter inserted through a vein in the arm
2. BA catheter placed in the bladder through the lower abdominal wall
3. CA tube inserted into the stomach through the abdomen
4. DA short cannula in a vein on the back of the hand

为什么肝病会出现黄疸？

1. A肝脏无法清除胆红素，使其积聚
2. B肝脏一次制造过多的红细胞
3. C肾脏产生过多尿素
4. D食物中的黄色色素储存在皮肤里

What is atelectasis?

1. ACollapse of small air sacs in part of the lung
2. BSwelling of both ankles caused by lying in bed after surgery
3. CInfection of the surgical wound
4. DA blood clot in a leg vein

Why is blood lactate measured when sepsis is suspected?

1. AIt shows which bacteria are causing the infection
2. BA raised level suggests poor tissue perfusion
3. CIt measures the effect of antibiotics on the kidney
4. DIt replaces the need for blood cultures

A nasogastric feeding tube appears blocked. What is usually the first step?

1. AFlush gently with warm water in a 50 mL enteral syringe
2. BUse a small 5 mL syringe with firm pressure
3. CPush the guidewire back in to clear it
4. DCut the end of the tube to release the blockage inside it

Why are antimotility drugs such as loperamide avoided in C. difficile infection?

1. AThey may keep toxin in the bowel and risk toxic megacolon
2. BThey kill the normal bowel bacteria
3. CThey cause serious liver failure in most patients who take them
4. DThey make the stool sample test positive falsely

A nurse teaches a patient to self-inject low molecular weight heparin at home. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I'll report any unusual bruising or bleeding."
2. B"I'll put the used syringe in the sharps bin."
3. C"I'll rub the area afterwards to spread the medicine."
4. D"I'll change the injection site each day."

腹部手术后第 6 天，一名患者说咳嗽时有东西“裂开了”，并且伤口处可见肠管。护士应立即做什么？

1. A轻轻把肠管推回去，用胶带把伤口边缘牢牢粘在一起
2. B不覆盖伤口，让患者在床上完全坐直
3. C在等待团队时给患者吃点轻食以使其平静
4. D用生理盐水浸湿的无菌敷料覆盖，屈膝，呼叫外科医生